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I loko o ko mākou ola, hoʻohana pinepine mākou i nā ʻano huahana uila, e like me ke kelepona paʻa, kamepiula, TV, etc.;akā, ʻike anei ʻoe ua haku ʻia kēia mau mea uila me nā tausani o nā ʻāpana uila, akā ʻaʻole mākou i mālama i ko lākou ola.E nānā kākou i nā ʻāpana uila i hoʻohana mau ʻia e hana i kēia mau mea uila, a laila e hana i kahi papa 10 kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau mea uila maʻamau.

Nā ʻāpana uila like ʻole i nā kelepona paʻalima
1. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mea uila
ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā kākou i nā ʻāpana uila i hoʻohana mau ʻia.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻāpana uila i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia: capacitors, resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diodes, transistors, electron tubes, relays, transformers, connectors, nā ʻāpana sensitive, resonators, filters, switch, etc.
2. He 10 kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana uila maʻamau
A laila, hoʻomau mākou i ka nānā ʻana i nā papa kiʻekiʻe 10 o nā mea uila i hoʻohana mau ʻia e ʻike i ka mea hiki ke lilo i luna.
Helu 10: Transformer.ʻO ke kumu hana o ka transformer (English name: Transformer) he mea ia e hoʻohana ana i ke kumu o ka electromagnetic induction e hoʻololi i ka volta AC.He kuleana ko ia i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka uila i nā mea uila, a he mau hana pū kekahi e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka impedance a me ka hoʻokaʻawale palekana.

Helu 9: ʻIkepili.ʻO kahi sensor (inoa Pelekane: transducer/sensor) he mea ʻike e hiki ke ʻike i ka ʻike e ana ʻia ana, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻike i ʻike ʻia i mau hōʻailona uila a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻano ʻike ʻē aʻe e koi ʻia e like me kekahi mau lula e hālāwai ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike, ka hana, ka mālama ʻana. , hōʻike, hoʻopaʻa a me nā koi hoʻomalu.I mea e loaʻa ai ka ʻike mai ka honua i waho, pono nā kānaka e ʻimi i nā ʻāpana sensory.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa nā ʻano naʻau ponoʻī o nā kānaka i ke aʻo ʻana i nā hanana kūlohelohe a me nā kānāwai a me nā hana hana.No ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēia kūlana, pono nā sensor.No laila, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻike he hoʻonui ʻia o nā ʻāpana ʻelima o ke kanaka, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka uila ʻelima.

Helu 8: Pupu hopena kahua.Field effect transistor (English name: Field Effect Transistor abbreviation (FET)), ka inoa piha o ka field effect transistor, he mea semiconductor e hoʻohana ana i ka hopena uila o ka loop input control e hoʻomalu i ka puka puka puka o kēia manawa, a ua kapa ʻia ma hope. ia.Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pahu hopena kahua no ka hoʻonui ʻana, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ka hoʻohana maʻalahi e like me ke kumu mau o kēia manawa, ka hoʻololi uila, ka impedance komo kiʻekiʻe, a kūpono loa no ka hoʻololi impedance.

Helu 7: Transistor.ʻO ka transistor kahi mea semiconductor e hoʻomalu i kēia manawa a hiki ke hoʻonui i kēia manawa.ʻO kāna hana ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻailona nāwaliwali i kahi hōʻailona uila me ka waiwai amplitude nui aʻe;hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi pili ʻole e hoʻomalu i nā kaapuni uila like ʻole.

Helu 6: Varactor diode.Hana ʻia ʻo Varactor Diodes (inoa Pelekane: Varactor Diodes), i ʻike ʻia ʻo "Variable Reactance Diodes", me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka capacitance junction e ʻokoʻa me ka volta i hoʻopili ʻia ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka hui pN.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, kamaʻilio a me nā kaapuni ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka capacitor hoʻololi..Hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa kaʻa alapine kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke alapine, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, no ka laʻana, ma ke ʻano he capacitor hoʻololi i ka loop loop o kahi mea lawe kīwī.

Varactor diode
Helu 5: Inductor.ʻO ka inductance kahi waiwai o ka loop pani a me ka nui kino.Ke hala ka wili i ke au, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mākū i loko o ka pōʻai, a e hoʻohua ka mākia i hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi au i hoʻoikaika ʻia e pale aku i ke au e hele ana i loko o ka coil;he inductor (inoa Pelekania: Inductor) he mea inductance i hana ʻia me nā waiwai inductance.Inā ʻaʻohe o kēia au ma o ka inductor, e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ālai i ke au mai ke kahe ʻana i ka wā e holo ana ke kaapuni;inā aia ka inductor i kahi au ma o ka mokuʻāina, e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e mālama i ke au i ka wā e pau ai ke kaapuni.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Inductors chokes, reactors, a me dynamic reactors.

Helu 4: Zener diode.ʻO Zener diode (inoa ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo Zener diode) ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pn junction reverse breakdown state, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o kēia manawa ma kahi ākea nui ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano like o ka volta, i hana ʻia me kahi diode me ka hopena stabilizing voltage.ʻO kēia diode kahi mea semiconductor i loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻihoʻi koʻikoʻi.Ma kēia wahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa koʻikoʻi, hoʻemi ʻia ke kūʻē kūʻē i kahi waiwai liʻiliʻi loa, a piʻi ka piʻi ʻana o kēia manawa ma kēia ʻāpana kūʻē haʻahaʻa.Noho mau ka volta, a ua māhele ʻia ka diode Zener e like me ka haʻihaʻi uila.Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Zener diode ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono voltage a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kuhikuhi.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā diodes Zener i ka moʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā volta kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke loaʻa nā volta paʻa kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana iā lākou i ka moʻo.

Zener diode
Helu 3: Crystal diode.Crystal diode (inoa Pelekania: crystaldiode) He mea hana ma nā welau ʻelua o ka semiconductor i loko o kahi mea uila paʻa.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia mau mea ʻo kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona non-linear current-voltage.Mai ia manawa, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea semiconductor a me ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea semiconductor like ʻole, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka doping, a me nā ʻano geometric, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano diodes crystal me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hana like ʻole a me nā hoʻohana.ʻO nā mea hana e pili ana i ka germanium, silicon a me nā semiconductors hui.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā diodes kristal e hana, hoʻomalu, loaʻa, hoʻololi, hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona, ​​a hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā diodes kristal i nā mea uila, akā hiki ke koho ʻia i ke kolu o ka papa inoa o nā mea uila maʻamau.

diode kristal
Helu 2: Nā Capacitors.Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā Capacitors ma ke ʻano he capacitors (inoa Pelekane: capacitor).ʻO ka capacitor, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, he 'container no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uila', kahi mea e paʻa ai nā uku uila.ʻO nā Capacitors kekahi o nā mea uila i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā lako uila.Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā kaapuni e like me ke kāohi ʻana, hoʻopili ʻana, ke kāʻei ʻana, kānana, hoʻolohe i nā puka lou, hoʻololi i ka ikehu, a me ka mana.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā Capacitors i nā lako uila, akā hiki ke koho ʻia i ka lua ma ka papa inoa o nā mea uila maʻamau.I kēia manawa ua hiki mai ka manawa e ʻike ai i ka hana mana.
No. 1: Nā mea pale.ʻO nā mea pale (inoa Pelekane: Resistor) ua kapa pololei ʻia nā mea pale i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.He mea palena palena o kēia manawa.He hopena obstructive ka Resistor i ke au.Hiki iā ia ke kaupalena i ka manawa ma o ka lālā i hoʻopili ʻia iā ia, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano o kēia manawa e ke kūʻē ʻana o ka resistor, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hana paʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea uila ma lalo o ka manawa i helu ʻia., ʻOiai he mea maʻamau ka hana o ke kū'ēʻana, akā he mea nui loa kona koʻikoʻi, me ke kū'ēʻana e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā mea likeʻole.